您现在的位置： 
前面我们已经介绍了使用ASP和XML混合编程，那是因为ASP页面能够很容易让我们看清应用程序正在做什么，但是你如果你不想使用ASP的话，你也可以使用任何你熟悉的技术去创建一个客户端程序。下面，我提供了一段VB代码，它的功能和ASP页面一样，也可以显示相同的数据，但是这个VB程序不会创建发送到服务器的XML字符串。它通过运行一个名叫Initialize的存储过程，从服务器取回XML字符串，来查询ClientCommands表的内容。
ClientCommands表包括两个域：command_name域和command_xml域。客户端程序需要三个特定的command_name域:getCustomerList,CustOrderHist和RecentPurchaseByCustomerID。每一个命令的command_xml域包括程序发送到getData.asp页面的XML字符串，这样，就可以集中控制XML字符串了，就象存储过程名字所表现的意思一样，在发送XML字符串到getData.asp之前，客户端程序使用XML DOM来设置存储过程的参数值。我提供的代码，包含了用于定义Initialize过程和用于创建ClientCommands表的SQL语句。
我提供的例程中还说明了如何使用XHTTPRequest对象实现我在本文一开始时许下的承诺:任何远程的机器上的应用程序都可以访问getData.asp；当然，你也可以通过设置IIS和NTFS权限来限制访问ASP页面；你可以在服务器上而不是客户机上存储全局应用程序设置；你可以避免通过网络发送数据库用户名和密码所带来的隐患性。还有，在IE中，应用程序可以只显示需要的数据而不用刷新整个页面。
在实际的编程过程中，你们应当使用一些方法使应用程序更加有高效性。你可以把ASP中的关于取得数据的代码端搬到一个COM应用程序中去然后创建一个XSLT变换来显示返回的数据。好，我不多说了，现在你所要做的就是试一试吧！
Option Explicit
Private RCommands As Recordset
Private RCustomers As Recordset
Private RCust As Recordset
Private sCustListCommand As String
Private Const dataURL = "http://localhost/XHTTPRequest/getData.asp"
Private arrCustomerIDs() As String
Private Enum ActionEnum
VIEW_HISTORY = 0
VIEW_RECENT_PRODUCT = 1
End Enum
Private Sub dgCustomers_Click()
Dim CustomerID As String
CustomerID = RCustomers("CustomerID").Value
If CustomerID ＜＞ "" Then
If optAction(VIEW_HISTORY).Value Then
Call getCustomerDetail(CustomerID)
Else
Call getRecentProduct(CustomerID)
End If
End If
End Sub
Private Sub Form_Load()
Call initialize
Call getCustomerList
End Sub
Sub initialize()
' 从数据库返回命令名和相应的值
Dim sXML As String
Dim vRet As Variant
Dim F As Field
sXML = "＜?xml version=""1.0""?＞"
sXML = sXML & "＜command＞＜commandtext＞Initialize＜/commandtext＞"
sXML = sXML & "＜returnsdata＞True＜/returnsdata＞"
sXML = sXML & "＜/command＞"
Set RCommands = getRecordset(sXML)
Do While Not RCommands.EOF
For Each F In RCommands.Fields
Debug.Print F.Name & "=" & F.Value
Next
RCommands.MoveNext
Loop
End Sub
Function getCommandXML(command_name As String) As String
RCommands.MoveFirst
RCommands.Find "command_name='" & command_name & "'", , adSearchForward, 1
If RCommands.EOF Then
MsgBox "Cannot find any command associated with the name '" & command_name & "'."
Exit Function
Else
getCommandXML = RCommands("command_xml")
End If
End Function
Sub getRecentProduct(CustomerID As String)
Dim sXML As String
Dim xml As DOMDocument
Dim N As IXMLDOMNode
Dim productName As String
sXML = getCommandXML("RecentPurchaseByCustomerID")
Set xml = New DOMDocument
xml.loadXML sXML
Set N = xml.selectSingleNode("command/param[name='CustomerID']/value")
N.Text = CustomerID
Set xml = executeSPWithReturn(xml.xml)
productName = xml.selectSingleNode("values/ProductName").Text
' 显示text域
txtResult.Text = ""
Me.txtResult.Visible = True
dgResult.Visible = False
' 显示product名
txtResult.Text = "最近的产品是: " & productName
End Sub
Sub getCustomerList()
Dim sXML As String
Dim i As Integer
Dim s As String
sXML = getCommandXML("getCustomerList")
Set RCustomers = getRecordset(sXML)
Set dgCustomers.DataSource = RCustomers
End Sub
Sub getCustomerDetail(CustomerID As String)
' 找出列表中相关联的ID号
Dim sXML As String
Dim R As Recordset
Dim F As Field
Dim s As String
Dim N As IXMLDOMNode
Dim xml As DOMDocument
sXML = getCommandXML("CustOrderHist")
Set xml = New DOMDocument
xml.loadXML sXML
Set N = xml.selectSingleNode("command/param[name='CustomerID']/value")
N.Text = CustomerID
Set R = getRecordset(xml.xml)
' 隐藏 text , 因为它是一个记录集
txtResult.Visible = False
dgResult.Visible = True
Set dgResult.DataSource = R
End Sub
Function getRecordset(sXML As String) As Recordset
Dim R As Recordset
Dim xml As DOMDocument
Set xml = getData(sXML)
Debug.Print TypeName(xml)
On Error Resume Next
Set R = New Recordset
R.Open xml
If Err.Number ＜＞ 0 Then
MsgBox Err.Description
Exit Function
Else
Set getRecordset = R
End If
End Function
Function executeSPWithReturn(sXML As String) As DOMDocument
Dim d As New Dictionary
Dim xml As DOMDocument
Dim nodes As IXMLDOMNodeList
Dim N As IXMLDOMNode
Set xml = getData(sXML)
If xml.documentElement.nodeName = "values" Then
Set executeSPWithReturn = xml
Else
'发生错误
Set N = xml.selectSingleNode("response/data")
If Not N Is Nothing Then
MsgBox N.Text
Exit Function
Else
MsgBox xml.xml
Exit Function
End If
End If
End Function
Function getData(sXML As String) As DOMDocument
Dim xhttp As New XMLHTTP30
xhttp.Open "POST", dataURL, False
xhttp.send sXML
Debug.Print xhttp.responseText
Set getData = xhttp.responseXML
End Function
Private Sub optAction_Click(Index As Integer)
Call dgCustomers_Click
End Sub
代码二、getData.asp
＜%@ Language=VBScript %＞
＜% option explicit %＞
＜%
Sub responseError(sDescription)
Response.Write "＜response＞＜data＞Error: " & sDescription & "＜/data＞＜/response＞"
Response.end
End Sub
Response.ContentType="text/xml"
dim xml
dim commandText
dim returnsData
dim returnsValues
dim recordsAffected
dim param
dim paramName
dim paramType
dim paramDirection
dim paramSize
dim paramValue
dim N
dim nodeName
dim nodes
dim conn
dim sXML
dim R
dim cm
' 创建DOMDocument对象
Set xml = Server.CreateObject("msxml2.DOMDocument")
xml.async = False
' 装载POST数据
xml.Load Request
If xml.parseError.errorCode ＜＞ 0 Then
Call responseError("不能装载 XML信息。 描述: " & xml.parseError.reason & "＜br＞行数: " & xml.parseError.Line)
End If
' 客户端必须发送一个commandText元素
Set N = xml.selectSingleNode("command/commandtext")
If N Is Nothing Then
Call responseError("Missing ＜commandText＞ parameter.")
Else
commandText = N.Text
End If
' 客户端必须发送一个returnsdata或者returnsvalue元素
set N = xml.selectSingleNode("command/returnsdata")
if N is nothing then
set N = xml.selectSingleNode("command/returnsvalues")
if N is nothing then
call responseError("Missing ＜returnsdata＞ or ＜returnsValues＞ parameter.")
else
returnsValues = (lcase(N.Text)="true")
end if
else
returnsData=(lcase(N.Text)="true")
end if
set cm = server.CreateObject("ADODB.Command")
cm.CommandText = commandText
if instr(1, commandText, " ", vbBinaryCompare) ＞ 0 then
cm.CommandType=adCmdText
else
cm.CommandType = adCmdStoredProc
end if
' 创建参数
set nodes = xml.selectNodes("command/param")
if nodes is nothing then
' 如果没有参数
elseif nodes.length = 0 then
' 如果没有参数
else
for each param in nodes
' Response.Write server.HTMLEncode(param.xml) & "＜br＞"
on error resume next
paramName = param.selectSingleNode("name").text
if err.number ＜＞ 0 then
call responseError("创建参数: 不能发现名称标签。")
end if
paramType = param.selectSingleNode("type").text
paramDirection = param.selectSingleNode("direction").text
paramSize = param.selectSingleNode("size").text
paramValue = param.selectSingleNode("value").text
if err.number ＜＞ 0 then
call responseError("参数名为 '" & paramName & "'的参数缺少必要的域")
end if
cm.Parameters.Append cm.CreateParameter(paramName,paramType,paramDirection,paramSize,paramValue)
if err.number ＜＞ 0 then
call responseError("不能创建或添加名为 '" & paramName & "的参数.' " & err.description)
Response.end
end if
next
on error goto 0
end if
'打开连结
set conn = Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")
conn.Mode=adModeReadWrite
conn.open Application("ConnectionString")
if err.number ＜＞ 0 then
call responseError("连结出错: " & Err.Description)
Response.end
end if
' 连结Command对象
set cm.ActiveConnection = conn
' 执行命令
if returnsData then
' 用命令打开一个Recordset
set R = server.CreateObject("ADODB.Recordset")
R.CursorLocation = adUseClient
R.Open cm,,adOpenStatic,adLockReadOnly
else
cm.Execute recordsAffected, ,adExecuteNoRecords
end if
if err.number ＜＞ 0 then
call responseError("执行命令错误 '" & Commandtext & "': " & Err.Description)
Response.end
end if
if returnsData then
R.Save Response, adPersist
ClientCommands表包括两个域：command_name域和command_xml域。客户端程序需要三个特定的command_name域:getCustomerList,CustOrderHist和RecentPurchaseByCustomerID。每一个命令的command_xml域包括程序发送到getData.asp页面的XML字符串，这样，就可以集中控制XML字符串了，就象存储过程名字所表现的意思一样，在发送XML字符串到getData.asp之前，客户端程序使用XML DOM来设置存储过程的参数值。我提供的代码，包含了用于定义Initialize过程和用于创建ClientCommands表的SQL语句。
我提供的例程中还说明了如何使用XHTTPRequest对象实现我在本文一开始时许下的承诺:任何远程的机器上的应用程序都可以访问getData.asp；当然，你也可以通过设置IIS和NTFS权限来限制访问ASP页面；你可以在服务器上而不是客户机上存储全局应用程序设置；你可以避免通过网络发送数据库用户名和密码所带来的隐患性。还有，在IE中，应用程序可以只显示需要的数据而不用刷新整个页面。
在实际的编程过程中，你们应当使用一些方法使应用程序更加有高效性。你可以把ASP中的关于取得数据的代码端搬到一个COM应用程序中去然后创建一个XSLT变换来显示返回的数据。好，我不多说了，现在你所要做的就是试一试吧！
Option Explicit
Private RCommands As Recordset
Private RCustomers As Recordset
Private RCust As Recordset
Private sCustListCommand As String
Private Const dataURL = "http://localhost/XHTTPRequest/getData.asp"
Private arrCustomerIDs() As String
Private Enum ActionEnum
VIEW_HISTORY = 0
VIEW_RECENT_PRODUCT = 1
End Enum
Private Sub dgCustomers_Click()
Dim CustomerID As String
CustomerID = RCustomers("CustomerID").Value
If CustomerID ＜＞ "" Then
If optAction(VIEW_HISTORY).Value Then
Call getCustomerDetail(CustomerID)
Else
Call getRecentProduct(CustomerID)
End If
End If
End Sub
Private Sub Form_Load()
Call initialize
Call getCustomerList
End Sub
Sub initialize()
' 从数据库返回命令名和相应的值
Dim sXML As String
Dim vRet As Variant
Dim F As Field
sXML = "＜?xml version=""1.0""?＞"
sXML = sXML & "＜command＞＜commandtext＞Initialize＜/commandtext＞"
sXML = sXML & "＜returnsdata＞True＜/returnsdata＞"
sXML = sXML & "＜/command＞"
Set RCommands = getRecordset(sXML)
Do While Not RCommands.EOF
For Each F In RCommands.Fields
Debug.Print F.Name & "=" & F.Value
Next
RCommands.MoveNext
Loop
End Sub
Function getCommandXML(command_name As String) As String
RCommands.MoveFirst
RCommands.Find "command_name='" & command_name & "'", , adSearchForward, 1
If RCommands.EOF Then
MsgBox "Cannot find any command associated with the name '" & command_name & "'."
Exit Function
Else
getCommandXML = RCommands("command_xml")
End If
End Function
Sub getRecentProduct(CustomerID As String)
Dim sXML As String
Dim xml As DOMDocument
Dim N As IXMLDOMNode
Dim productName As String
sXML = getCommandXML("RecentPurchaseByCustomerID")
Set xml = New DOMDocument
xml.loadXML sXML
Set N = xml.selectSingleNode("command/param[name='CustomerID']/value")
N.Text = CustomerID
Set xml = executeSPWithReturn(xml.xml)
productName = xml.selectSingleNode("values/ProductName").Text
' 显示text域
txtResult.Text = ""
Me.txtResult.Visible = True
dgResult.Visible = False
' 显示product名
txtResult.Text = "最近的产品是: " & productName
End Sub
Sub getCustomerList()
Dim sXML As String
Dim i As Integer
Dim s As String
sXML = getCommandXML("getCustomerList")
Set RCustomers = getRecordset(sXML)
Set dgCustomers.DataSource = RCustomers
End Sub
Sub getCustomerDetail(CustomerID As String)
' 找出列表中相关联的ID号
Dim sXML As String
Dim R As Recordset
Dim F As Field
Dim s As String
Dim N As IXMLDOMNode
Dim xml As DOMDocument
sXML = getCommandXML("CustOrderHist")
Set xml = New DOMDocument
xml.loadXML sXML
Set N = xml.selectSingleNode("command/param[name='CustomerID']/value")
N.Text = CustomerID
Set R = getRecordset(xml.xml)
' 隐藏 text , 因为它是一个记录集
txtResult.Visible = False
dgResult.Visible = True
Set dgResult.DataSource = R
End Sub
Function getRecordset(sXML As String) As Recordset
Dim R As Recordset
Dim xml As DOMDocument
Set xml = getData(sXML)
Debug.Print TypeName(xml)
On Error Resume Next
Set R = New Recordset
R.Open xml
If Err.Number ＜＞ 0 Then
MsgBox Err.Description
Exit Function
Else
Set getRecordset = R
End If
End Function
Function executeSPWithReturn(sXML As String) As DOMDocument
Dim d As New Dictionary
Dim xml As DOMDocument
Dim nodes As IXMLDOMNodeList
Dim N As IXMLDOMNode
Set xml = getData(sXML)
If xml.documentElement.nodeName = "values" Then
Set executeSPWithReturn = xml
Else
'发生错误
Set N = xml.selectSingleNode("response/data")
If Not N Is Nothing Then
MsgBox N.Text
Exit Function
Else
MsgBox xml.xml
Exit Function
End If
End If
End Function
Function getData(sXML As String) As DOMDocument
Dim xhttp As New XMLHTTP30
xhttp.Open "POST", dataURL, False
xhttp.send sXML
Debug.Print xhttp.responseText
Set getData = xhttp.responseXML
End Function
Private Sub optAction_Click(Index As Integer)
Call dgCustomers_Click
End Sub
代码二、getData.asp
＜%@ Language=VBScript %＞
＜% option explicit %＞
＜%
Sub responseError(sDescription)
Response.Write "＜response＞＜data＞Error: " & sDescription & "＜/data＞＜/response＞"
Response.end
End Sub
Response.ContentType="text/xml"
dim xml
dim commandText
dim returnsData
dim returnsValues
dim recordsAffected
dim param
dim paramName
dim paramType
dim paramDirection
dim paramSize
dim paramValue
dim N
dim nodeName
dim nodes
dim conn
dim sXML
dim R
dim cm
' 创建DOMDocument对象
Set xml = Server.CreateObject("msxml2.DOMDocument")
xml.async = False
' 装载POST数据
xml.Load Request
If xml.parseError.errorCode ＜＞ 0 Then
Call responseError("不能装载 XML信息。 描述: " & xml.parseError.reason & "＜br＞行数: " & xml.parseError.Line)
End If
' 客户端必须发送一个commandText元素
Set N = xml.selectSingleNode("command/commandtext")
If N Is Nothing Then
Call responseError("Missing ＜commandText＞ parameter.")
Else
commandText = N.Text
End If
' 客户端必须发送一个returnsdata或者returnsvalue元素
set N = xml.selectSingleNode("command/returnsdata")
if N is nothing then
set N = xml.selectSingleNode("command/returnsvalues")
if N is nothing then
call responseError("Missing ＜returnsdata＞ or ＜returnsValues＞ parameter.")
else
returnsValues = (lcase(N.Text)="true")
end if
else
returnsData=(lcase(N.Text)="true")
end if
set cm = server.CreateObject("ADODB.Command")
cm.CommandText = commandText
if instr(1, commandText, " ", vbBinaryCompare) ＞ 0 then
cm.CommandType=adCmdText
else
cm.CommandType = adCmdStoredProc
end if
' 创建参数
set nodes = xml.selectNodes("command/param")
if nodes is nothing then
' 如果没有参数
elseif nodes.length = 0 then
' 如果没有参数
else
for each param in nodes
' Response.Write server.HTMLEncode(param.xml) & "＜br＞"
on error resume next
paramName = param.selectSingleNode("name").text
if err.number ＜＞ 0 then
call responseError("创建参数: 不能发现名称标签。")
end if
paramType = param.selectSingleNode("type").text
paramDirection = param.selectSingleNode("direction").text
paramSize = param.selectSingleNode("size").text
paramValue = param.selectSingleNode("value").text
if err.number ＜＞ 0 then
call responseError("参数名为 '" & paramName & "'的参数缺少必要的域")
end if
cm.Parameters.Append cm.CreateParameter(paramName,paramType,paramDirection,paramSize,paramValue)
if err.number ＜＞ 0 then
call responseError("不能创建或添加名为 '" & paramName & "的参数.' " & err.description)
Response.end
end if
next
on error goto 0
end if
'打开连结
set conn = Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")
conn.Mode=adModeReadWrite
conn.open Application("ConnectionString")
if err.number ＜＞ 0 then
call responseError("连结出错: " & Err.Description)
Response.end
end if
' 连结Command对象
set cm.ActiveConnection = conn
' 执行命令
if returnsData then
' 用命令打开一个Recordset
set R = server.CreateObject("ADODB.Recordset")
R.CursorLocation = adUseClient
R.Open cm,,adOpenStatic,adLockReadOnly
else
cm.Execute recordsAffected, ,adExecuteNoRecords
end if
if err.number ＜＞ 0 then
call responseError("执行命令错误 '" & Commandtext & "': " & Err.Description)
Response.end
end if
if returnsData then
R.Save Response, adPersist
